Independent Gateway to Understanding Type 2 Inflammation
In this descriptive study the association between severe asthma, biological therapy, and SARS-CoV-2 infection was investigated [1]. A higher risk for viral infections was described previously for asthmatic patients [2,3]. Because SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated a predisposition to infect the upper and the lower respiratory tract, it may create a higher clinical issue for this patient group [4]. However, it should…
The concept of united airway diseases (UAD) includes allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and asthma, all of which share common immune-pathogenic mechanisms [1-4]. Moreover, a systemic link between upper and lower airways exists by shared molecular and inflammatory mechanisms, including overproduction of type-2 cytokines in AR, CRS, and asthma [5,6], not limited to the target organs. There is a…
The interaction between the nervous system and immune cells has been reported in fungal-infected skin inflammation and psoriasis, but not in atopic dermatitis (AD) [1-3]. Antihistamines are not always effective in treating pruritus in chronic skin inflammation [4]. A recent study by Serhan et al. unraveled how house dust mite allergens can trigger peripheral nociceptive sensory neurons and how these…
Busse WW, et al. Efficacy of dupilumab on clinical outcomes in patients with asthma and perennial allergic rhinitis [published online ahead of print, 2020 May 28]. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020;S1081-1206(20)30389-6. In this post-hoc analysis of the phase 3 LIBERTY ASTHMA QUEST trial, the effect of dupilumab on comorbid perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) was investigated. PAR is often associated with sensitisation…
Ghadersohi S, Price CPE, Jensen SE, et al. Development and Preliminary Validation of a New Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS-PRO). J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020;8(7):2341-2350.e1. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disease of the nasal airways and paranasal sinuses with a high disease burden [1,2]. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments are measures of disease severity and symptom burden in…
Young HY, Sun HE, et al. Altered Mitochondrial Functions and Morphologies in Epithelial Cells Are Associated With Pathogenesis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2020 Jul;12(4):653-668 Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a complex inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa [1]. There are indications that the disease is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction,…
Rokkas T, et al. A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis in adults and children. J Clin Gastroenterol 2020; published ahead of print. For eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), apart from steroids [1], newer therapeutic interventions and relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are available that have not been included in previous meta-analyses [2-6]. Network meta-analysis (NWM)…
Marks M, et al. Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and receptors in type 1, type 2 and type 17 inflammation in cross-sectional asthma study. Thorax 2020;0:1–4. Epub Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has a potential role in allergic asthma [1,2]. TRAIL induces apoptosis in a variety of cells thereby resolving inflammation [1,3]. Conversely, TRAIL has been shown to…
In 2014, the first guidelines for the treatment of severe asthma in children and adults were composed by the European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society (ERS/ATS) [1]. Since 2017, a multidisciplinary Task Force of asthma experts, co-chaired by Dr Fernando Holguin and Dr Andy Bush, has worked on an updated version. The Task Force made 6 recommendations that were not addressed…
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the sinonasal cavities [1-3]. It is frequently comorbid with asthma and both diseases share common underlying pathophysiological mechanisms driving the disease, including type 2 inflammation [3-9]. CRSwNP severely impacts quality of life and has a significant burden on society [10-12]. When symptoms are persistent or when there is…