Independent Gateway to Understanding Type 2 Inflammation
Crisaborole is indicated for the topical treatment of mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis. It is effective and safe in treating patients aged ≥2 years with allergic dermatitis irrespective of atopic comorbidities. Crisaborole ointment 2% is an anti-inflammatory inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 4. It is available in the USA for topical treatment targeting paediatric patients with mild-to-moderate allergic dermatitis (AD) who are at an…
Severe asthma (SA) is a heterogenous disease and the prevalence has increased recently [2]. SA is characterised by uncontrolled symptoms, frequent exacerbations and decline of lung functioning. The disease’s heterogeneity is not only related to airway inflammation and responsiveness to treatment, but also to distinct disease symptoms and comorbidities. Promising type 2 inflammatory biomarkers are immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukins (IL)-4,…
Our study in brief: We performed a very large collaborative study within the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) in over 200 different hospitals in the UK. The aim was to identify inflammatory markers in blood which increased within the early stages of COVID-19 in those who went on to become critically ill. We just recently published…
The multicentre, randomised JADE-COMPARE trial (NCT03720470), published on March 25, 2021 in the New England Journal of Medicine, showed that the higher dose of experimental oral Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor, abrocitinib, showed greater itch reduction after 2 weeks of treatment than dupilumab in patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD) [1]. Neither abrocitinib dose differed significantly from dupilumab with respect to most…
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous, inflammatory disease with defects in the epithelial barrier [1-5]. After treatment with corticosteroids as first-line therapy and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) when first-line therapy fails, recurrence occurs in over 50% of patients [1,6-13]. To improve disease management, it is necessary to identify predictors of recurrence. Currently used biomarkers require tissue harvesting, which…
Chronic asthma is characterised by the accumulation of neutrophils in the lungs, which are key drivers in chronic lung inflammation [1,2]. Moreover, neutrophil accumulation density correlates with disease severity [3]. The high levels of neutrophils are a result of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-signalling, which promotes the development of alveolar macrophages (AM) and lung dendritic cell (DC)-dependent induction of Th2/Th17 cell…
Asthma is a heterogeneous, chronic lung disease driven by both genetic and environmental factors [1,2]. The current study investigated the involvement of circular RNA (circRNA) in asthma, in particular allergic asthma mediated by CD4+ T cells, and its potential diagnostic and therapeutic value [1,3,4]. Patients with asthma (n=83) and healthy controls (n=54) were included [1]. The circRNA hsa_circ_0002594 previously identified…
Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disease requiring long-term therapeutic management [1-3]. Currently, swallowed topical corticosteroids (STC) are the first-line medical therapy for active disease [4]. Nonetheless, oesophageal targeting and efficacy of STC are suboptimal. A new formulation of budesonide orodispersible tablet (BOT) showed efficacy in EoE in a 6-week phase 3 trial [5]. The current phase 3, randomised,…
The Phase 3 JADE REGIMEN study (NCT03627767) was a 52-week study investigated abrocitinib, an investigational oral once-daily Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor, in patients 12 and older with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD) following response to initial open label induction treatment with abrocitinib 200mg. The JADE REGIMEN results build on the positive results from the JADE MONO-1 and 2…
In this descriptive study the association between severe asthma, biological therapy, and SARS-CoV-2 infection was investigated [1]. A higher risk for viral infections was described previously for asthmatic patients [2,3]. Because SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated a predisposition to infect the upper and the lower respiratory tract, it may create a higher clinical issue for this patient group [4]. However, it should…